Means for reproducing electrical variations



No. 749,791. PATENTED JAN. 19, 1904. P. O. HEWITT.

MEANS FOR REPRODUOING ELECTRICAL VARIATIONS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16, 1902.

N0 MODEL.

SOURCE O F VARIA'I ION RECEIVING DEVICE c/uwa cafe/m UNITED STATES Patented January 19', 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

' PETEXR COOPER HEWITT, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO COOPER HEWITT ELECTRIC COMPANY, YA con PORATIONOF NEW YORK.

. MEANS FOR REPRODUCING ELECTRICALVARIATIONS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 749,791, dated January 19, 1904.

Application filed May 16, 1902. Serial lib-107,601. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER COOPER Hnwrrr,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Reproducing Electrical Variations, of which the following is a specification.

In certain Letters Patent of the United .,Statesfor instance, those issued to me on the 17th day of September, 1901-I have shown and described gas or vapor electric lamps in which the resistance of the lamp can be kept practically constant by a suitable construction of the lamps. I have found that the resistance of these lamps is subject to control by other means than those set forth in the patents referred to and that the lampsmay be paratus of this general character whether the apparatus is designed to operate as a lamp or light-giving medium or is especially designed as a means of Varying the current in a circuit. In other words, in applying the described apparatus to the purposes of this invention I may so construct it as to make it capable of giving light, or I may prefer to inclose an appropriate gas or vapor in a container so proportioned as to accomplish the special results aimed at by this invention irrespective of whether the apparatus is then designed to produce light or not.

In order to produce the desired variations of resistance in the gas or vapor apparatus, I generally locate the magnet or solenoid at the side of the apparatus where it will distort the current passing between the positive and the negative electrodes, it being found that the active current in an apparatus of this sort tends to be deflected by a magnetic field. The

stronger the magnet thehigher the electrical resistance, of the apparatus.

The present invention relates to means for applying this characteristic of my lamp or vapor apparatus to the purpose of reproduc ing the variations of current in an electric circuit whether a Wholly independent circuit or a branch of adivided circuit. Such applications of the apparatus are useful for a variety of purposes, the action being a conver sion of varying magnetic intensities due to varying current afiecting a magnetic field into variations of electrical resistance which may be made toaifect a circuit in which my vapor apparatus is included. k

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an organization of circuits for carrying out my invention, and Figs.

2 and 3 illustrate modifications.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents a sou rce of electric currents of any desired character con-.

nected in the circuit 3, which is provided with any suitable means 4 for varying the magnetic effects in a magnet 5. The magnet 5 is so placed with reference to a chamber 6, containing a conducting gas or vapor, which in turn is connected in a circuit 7, providedwith any suitable source 8 of electric currents. The variations in the flow of current through the circuit 7 may be caused to act upon a receiving device 9 of any desired character. The means for varying the magnetic effects in the magnet 5 may, for example, be a telephonetransmitter, and the receiving device 9 may be a telephone-receiver. The gas or vapor within the tube or container is of any appropriate character, as more fully set forth in my patents hereinbefore referred to, and the negative electrode 10 may be of mercury or of any other Suitable means for receiving the current from the gas or vapor and likewise the positive electrode 11, although for convenience I have in the drawings indicated it as being of a solid material held within the chamber 6.

Th location of the magnet 5 and its parsented the magnet with its core in a plane parallel with the chamber 6. In' Fig. 2 it IS illustrated as having one pole directed in a plane mrpendicular to the chamber 6, and in Fig. 3 I have shown the core as being prolonged, so as to partially or wholly embrace the chamber, thereby tending to direct the lines of force transversely through the gas or vapor; but the constructions and positions of the magnet may be variously modified, the object being to cause the lines of force to pass into the vapor-path.

It is possible by means of my invention to produce in the secondary or receiving circuit electrical variations of greater magnitude than the original electrical variations of the primary or transmitting circuit. This is due-to the fact that a given magnetic variation may cause a \vid er fluctuation of effective resistance in the gas or vapor than the fluctuations of electrical energy producing the variation of the magnetic field of force. Accordingly by employing one of my lamps or vapor apparatuses, as described, I may magnify the vibrations of the circuit not by inductive effects, but by varying the ohmic resistance of the circuit in which the apparatus is included.

I have mentioned a telephone-circuit merely for purposes of illustration. The amplifications due to changes in resistance of my apparatus may be applied to other circuits as well, including circuits carrying currents of large quantity. 7

It will further be understood that the applications of my invention are not limited to cases where it is desired to amplify the primary variations, but are useful also where it is merely desired to reproduce them in .the same or even lessmagnitude.

Means for starting the flow of current through theapparatus are set forth in the character described located in the field of force of the said magnet.

2. As a means for reproducing current variations in an electric circuit, an electromagnet subject to the influence of said variations, a gas or vapor apparatus located in the field of force of the said magnet, and a receiving apparatus in circuit with the gas or vapor apparatus.

3. The combination of a telephonic transmitting-circuit, a telephone-receiver, a circuit includingthe latter, and an inclosed-gas or vapor path included in the latter circuit, and an electromagnet traversed by electric currents due to the effects of the transmittingcircuit, and acting upon the gas or vapor path substantially as described.

4. The-combination with a telephonic transmitting -circuit, an electromagnet included therein, a telephonic receiving-circuit having an inclosed gas or vapor path inserted therein, the gas or vapor path and the electromagnet occupying such relative positions that a portion at least of the linesof force from the electromagnet act upon the gas or vapor path.

" Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 9th day of May, A. D. 1902.

PETER COOPER HEWITT.

Witnesses:

WM. H. CAPEL, GEORGE H. STOCKBRIDGE. 

